MODIFIERS

                    Modifiers         premodifiers   and  post modifiers

premodifiers                            (actually all function as adjectives)

(1)  determiners

a)     Articles: ---   a, an, the

b)     Demonstratives:  ---  this, that, these, those

c)     Possessives:---   my, his, her, your, its, their, karim’s

d)     Numerals:---  two, ten or any number.     First, second, next etc.

e)     Quantifiers: ---  all, both, some, any, no, every, either, neither, few, a few, little, many, much

(2)  adjectives:      (det+adj+noun)    a little boy

(3)  participles:       Participles always function as adjectives.

                              (a) present Participle:   Running train

                              (b) past Participle:        broken glass.

(4)  Noun Adjectives:  tea bag, mango tree, train journey, grammar book

(5)  compounds:      compounds also function as adjectives.   A back-dated idea. Old-fashioned

                               shirt.   Out-of-order matchin.

Postmodifiers

1.     prepositional phrase:  The man at the door is my brother.

2.     Appositives:               Mr.Bablu, a doctor, works in Dhaka.

3.     Infinitives:                 My decision to go there was wrong.

4.     Adverbs:                   The man there is eating a banana. The passage above is easy.

5.     Participles:   (a) present Participle:    I saw a man running in the field.

                               (b) past Participle:        The book published in 2015 is very nice.

6.     Adjectives:           The members present in the meeting are against the decision.

7.     Relative Clause:     I bought a pen which was red.  

Adverbs modifies -----

 adjectives (very nice),     verbs (runs fast)    and other adverbs (very slowly).

Exercise

1. Use determines in the blank spaces. Do not use the same determiner twice.

   a.  ----- fever is gone.   b. ------ sheep are ruminating.   C. ----- information was leaked.

   d. ----- enemy surrendered     e. ----- head aches.     F. ----- prisoners ran away.

2. Fill in the blanks with the or a/an

   a. ----- I am expecting ----- visitor today.     b. please shut the ----- door.

   c. ----- put the key in ----- drawer.                d. There is ----- bus at ten o’clock.

3. To illustrate each of the following make five noun phrases.

   a. Determiner + Adjective + Singular Countable Noun

   b. Determiner + Adverb+Adjective + Uncountable Noun

   c. Determiner + Two Adjectives + Plural  Countable Noun

   d. Determiner + Adjective + Noun Adjective +Plural Countable Noun

4. Analyse the following noun phrases;

   a. an extremely hot day                    b. a crowded railway station

   c. some bright young men                  d. an interesting ghost story

   e. my favourite English poet

5. use noun or noun phrase after the following prepositions.

     At -----          without -----          by -----          on -----          beside -----          over -----

     With -----          above -----          across -----

6. Fill in the blanks with appositives:

    Kamal ---------- has won a prize.         Mina ---------- speaks English well.

    Dr. Hakim ---------- presided over the meeting.

7.  Fill in the blanks with these adverbs:           below, there, here

     Life ----- is very comfortable.     The passage ----- is very difficult.

     The pen ----- has run out of ink.

8.  write five sentences modifying the nouns with present participles.

9.  write five sentences modifying the nouns with past participles.

10.  write five sentences modifying the nouns with infinitives.

1.  Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank space.   Adv-192

Mr. Rahman introduced Tareq (a) ------ (post modify the noun with an appositive) to the students of class x1. The students did not receive Tareq (b) ----- (use an adverb to post modify the verb). (c) ----- use quantifier to pre modify the noun) students began to laugh at him from the very beginning. Some others were (d) ----- (use an adverb to pre-modify the adjective) rude towards him. Tareq was shocked at the rude behaviour of (e) ----- (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) classmates. He took it to heart but he did not get (f) ----- (use an adverb to pre-modify the adjective) upset. He was a very (g) ----- (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) student. He found some weaker students in the class and took initiative (h) ----- (use an infinitive phrase to post- modify the verb. With his help the weaker students improved (i) -----  (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) condition. Some other brighter students of the class began to follow him by helping the weaker students. As a result. (j) ----- (use article to pre-modify the noun phrase) whole class started doing better.

DH-16.  Read the following text and use modifiers in the blank spaces as directed.

Rabindranath Tagore was a (a) ----- (pre-modify the noun) poet of Bengali literature. He was born in a (b) ----- (pre-modify the noun) family at Jorasanko, Kolkata. He went to school (c) ----- (post modify the verb). He wrote his (d) ----- (pre-modify the noun) verse at the age of eight. At the age of seventeen, he went to London (e) ----- (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) school there. He was put up in a lodging house under the care of a (f) ----- (pre-modify the noun) coach, Mr. Scott. He was lucky (g) -----(post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) an English family of Mr. Scott. He also visited the house of parliament (h) ----- (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) Gladstone and John Bright’s debates on Irish rule. He wrote letters to Kolkata (i) ---- (post-modify the verb with a present participle English society. At this his family thought that they might lose their son (j) ----- post-modify the verb). So, he was called back to Kolkata.

1. a.  A new student of Rangpur      b. warmly     c. some     d. very    e. his     f. very

 g. bright    h. to help them     i. their      j. the 

16.Famous   b. noble   c. early   d. first   e. to attend   f. professional   g. enough to have   h. to listen to    i. admiring    j. forever.